International Business (Gm598) Final Project - 5139 Words

| 2012 | | Keller Graduate School of MgmtInternational Business (GM598) Instructor: Kenneth Ninomiya Submitted By Group ASilvio AmadorAlfonso AguilarDate: May 8, 2012 | International Business Negotiation Plan to commercialize Scooters in Brazil Table of Contents Introduction3 Country Analysis Brazil 3 Target Market 3 Country Factors Analysis 4 Political and Legal5 Economic 6 Cultural......................................................................................................................................................7 Competition............................................................................................................................................. Market†¦show more content†¦This creates a difficulty in assessing the level of skills in those that are employed and being able to address training and education needs. Economical Factors Brazil is under a currently a significant growth trajectory. What could be considered one of the great national BRIC powers of the next century, what is hindering Brazil are its poor investments in education, cumbersome and complex tax structure, unemployment rate and poverty. Currently 80% of Brazil’s population is situated in the urban complexes such as Sao Paulo, Rio and Belo Horizonte. However, there is a clear and distinct caste system with a very large poor class that is only now being able to move into the more working-type middle class. This poor class is usually distinguished by the color of someone’s skin and national origins. As such, an undertone of discrimination in ever-present in Brazil where one can witness the disparity between whites and blacks in the country. Most MNEs doing business there are staffed up by what is considered the â€Å"upper class† and most of these employees are white. Still, although this is the case there are laws tha t protect discrimination. â€Å"However, this is mostly a formality that is not really followed in practice nor has there ever been any form of affirmative action to bring the working class up to par with the varied races of the

Essay on Affirmative Action - 924 Words

Introduction Affirmative Action began in 1965 when President Johnson signed the Executive Order 11246 in to law. The Executive Order prevents federal contractors from discriminating against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The phrase â€Å"affirmative action† was first coined, when federal contractors were required to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants were not discriminated against in anyway. When affirmative action was created, it only included minorities. In 1967, Johnson decided to expand the program to include women because women were discriminated against much like minorities. In the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s, affirmative action was a method used to stop†¦show more content†¦In this area both minorities and non-minorities are discriminated against, when affirmative action was in use the admissions board was divided into two groups one for minorities and another for non-minorities , standards for both groups were different. Once again affirmative action is showing favoritism. A recent example of affirmative action in collegiate admissions includes Gratz and Hamacher vs. University of Michigan. Gratz and Hamacher alleged that unlawful preference to minorities in University of Michigan undergraduate admissions. This also reminds me of when I was a senior in high school, several black colleges wanted me to come to there school to play football on a scholarship. What they did not tell me was that I would receive a minority scholarship not a football scholarship. Basically they found a loophole; they could recruit white players and give them minority scholarships and still have the same number of football scholarships to give out. They were getting a two for one deal by improving their number of minority (white students) students and getting football players at the same time. Affirmative action has a huge negative impact on our economy; it is costly and could destroy the legitimacy of minorities. In the business world, the main concern of an employer should be to hire the most qualified person that will increase productivity. The concern should not be to hire a racially diverse workforce. How can theShow MoreRelatedThe Affirmative Of Affirmative Action Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages Many affirmative action efforts have been made since the end of the Civil War in order to remedy the results of hundreds of years of slavery, segregation and denial of opportunity for groups that face discrimination. Many African Americans such as President Barack Obama, Senator Cory Booker, the writer Toni Morrison, the literary scholar Henry Louis Gates, media star Oprah Winfrey, and rap star Jay-Z have achieved positions of power and influence in the wider society (Giddens, Duneier, AppelbaumRead MoreAffirmative Action1160 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Marlene S. Smith MGT/434 October 28, 2013 Thomas Affirmative Action Affirmative action is an action that was purposefully designed to provide full and equal opportunities for employment and education for women, minorities, and other individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. This paper will assess the rudiments of Affirmative Action as it applies to public and private sector employers. The paper will also evaluate what employers are subject to affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action1559 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER AFFIRMATIVE ACTION INTRODUCTION Affirmative Action is an employment legislation protection system that is intended to address the systemized discrimination faced by women and minorities. It achieves this by enforcing diversity through operational intrusions into recruitment, selection, and other personnel functions and practices in America. Originally, Affirmative Action arose because of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s desire to integrate society on educationalRead MoreAffirmative Action1571 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor Name Management 11th November 2011 Affirmative Action Thesis: Affirmative Action has helped many women and minorities in entering the job market. Although there has been a lot of hue and cry regarding the benefits of the affirmative action and the suitability of candidates selected thorough affirmative action; research has shown that affirmative action is beneficial and the candidates of affirmative action perform as well as those who are selected through theRead MoreAffirmative Actions1078 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: AFFERMATIVE ACTION Affirmative Actions Affirmative action is an action taken by an organization to select on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity by giving due preferences to minorities like women and races being not adequately represented under the existing employment. To make the presentation of all these compositions almost equal in proportion to do away the injustice done in the past. The Supreme Company need to design an affirmative action program in the light ofRead MoreAffirmative Action1759 Words   |  8 PagesAffirmative Action Right? Affirmative action has been around for decades. Some believe it isn’t fair but others do. Those who believe and agree with affirmative action tend to say, â€Å"The principle of affirmative action is to promote societal equality through the preferential treatment of socioeconomically disadvantaged people† (Bidmead, Andrew pg 3). Others that disagree with it and find it unfair simply see it as another form of discrimination, giving one group extra advantages based upon nothingRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Effects On Affirmative1263 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout America there are many different views on the effects of affirmative action. Many see it as a negative policy which gives an unnecessary advantage to minorities in America. In a 2009 Pew Poll, â€Å"58% of African Americans agree† and only â€Å"22% whites agree† that there should be â€Å"preferential treatment to improve the position of blacks and other minorities† (Public Backs Affirmative Action†). Today affirmative action and other racial injustices tend to be in the spotlight quite often, suchRead MoreAffirmative Action774 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a practice that is intended to promote opportunities for the â€Å"protected class† which includes minorities, woman, and people with disabilities or any disadvantaged group for that matter. With affirmative action in place people of this protected class are given an even playing field in terms of hiring, promotion, as well as compensation. Historically, affirmative action is only known to have protected African Americans and woman; however that is not the case. Affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action : Gender Action Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action (ADD PROPER INTRO) Affirmative action, in its broadest sense, are attempts to help create labor and educational opportunities for groups that have been disadvantaged in the past. (Miriam Webster). Evidence has shown that throughout history, many groups have been discriminated against, and because of past (discriminations?), they continue to experience obstacles in areas of hiring, promotion, renting, buying, gaining education, and everyday economic activities. Thus, affirmativeRead MoreAffirmative Action Is An Action Or Policy? Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pages Affirmative Action remains one of the more complicated and controversial topics dealt with in American society. Affirmative Action is an action or policy designed to protect specific groups who suffer from discrimination, and provide them with programs and special opportunities. These government or private programs were designed to set right historical injustices towards the members of these groups who have suffered things like employment and e ducational disadvantages from racial discrimination

Horizontal Or Vertical Power Lab Write Up free essay sample

Running and jumping competitions have taken place for centuries, dating as far back as the first Olympian games. These physical competitions measured individual’s prowess, but also competing for power to rule or show their masculinity. Today, in modern times, this is synonymous to individuals who are judged on their highest jump and fastest 40-yard dash time as part of the National Football League draft, which combine their specific position and ratings as compared to other recruits. Although there are other determining skills and factors these two skills have been determined to directly correlate the amount of power an individual has and is able to produce. Both of these measurements are anaerobic exercises because they do not rely on oxygen as the main energy source; instead, the athlete gets their fuel from energy sources that are stored in their muscle fibers. The sprint and vertical jump tests show us the power an individual can generate and use within their own anaerobic system. According to the 50-yard dash test results, subject one had an above average rating for horizontal power with his calculated peak power being 6059 watts, and his peak vertical power was 6219 watts with a rating of well above average. Subject one’s training history of anaerobic exercises such as powerlifting and cross-fit definitely reflected the results with an above average rating in horizontal power. A few days before performing both of the tests the subject stated he had been suffering from a cold that could have affected his performance and thus his rating for the evaluation. Although the 50-yard dash relies mainly on the individual’s anaerobic system there still could be factors related to being sick that could have caused him to have a decrease in power, resulting in a potential lack of oxygen, minerals and supplements to the muscles in order for them to operate sufficiently. During the test subject one did stumble, which could be due to his lack of practice or training in the 40/50-yard dash. Subject one may have been able to perform better and not stumble has much if he would have had preparation time leading up to the test. Subject one performed well above average in the maximum vertical jump test that rates vertical peak power. With the subject doing cross-fit training and powerlifting it is understandable that he would perform well in this test due to the strength that is used during his regular workout routine, especially in the legs. Individuals utilize their core and their entire low body when performing a standing vertical jump and the more strength and power they can generate the more efficient they will be at it. Although subject one performed well above average his body weight may have had an adverse effect on his performance, but with his current fitness and training level it does not appear that this is much of a problem. Subject two’s horizontal power was rated well above average and her vertical power received a rating of above average. Subject two is a track and field athlete at Colorado Mesa University where she competes in the long jump and 400 meter hurdles, which would give her an advantage when comparing her to the average population. The fact that she is a runner gives her more confidence in the sprint test, especially when competing in a hurdle event there is a high amount of sprinting leading up to the hurdles as well as the light footwork necessary to keep her agile. Jumping events require the use of the anaerobic system, which would give subject two an advantage since she trains in this discipline often. Subject two ranked above average for her vertical peak power. Factors to consider why subject two’s ranks may not have been higher could be due to her previously injured hip flexor and her personal experience being a horizontal jumper, not a vertical jumper. The hip flexor is used to generate power when the body readies itself to push off the ground, so with it being injured could decrease its power thus decreasing subject two’s overall vertical peak jump-height. There is a small possibility that her previous training with being a horizontal jumper may have resulted in a decreased overall vertical peak jump-height also. When training for horizontal jumping subject two trains in running, which is the force that is utilized in the jump. This prep is different than for vertical jumping. Both subjects excelled in each event. This may be seen when analyzing the power in watts according to the standards of the Sayers Equation and when compared to average times for high school and college-age athletes. The tests completed during this test involved the anaerobic system with each exercise occurring for 3-10 seconds. During this time creatine kinase is used to combine adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in conjunction with phosphocreatine, which yields adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- the body’s source of energy. Both subjects excelled in anaerobic tests, which suggests each has a higher percentage of 2a muscle fibers, but lack the ability to perform at a strictly anaerobic-athlete’s level. Conclusion: Both the 50-yard dash and vertical jump were used to determine the power of an athlete, which were anaerobic tests. The ability for athletes to propel themselves from the ground takes a lot of power, which is why the vertical jump is a prime example in determining an individual’s strength. On the other hand there are many sports where individuals must propel themselves horizontally and how fast they are able to do it, which is why the 50-yard ash is also an important test to determine an individual’s speed. It is unwise to prescribe these events into an exercise prescription for someone who has minimal athletic training history. Both of these tests are easy to perform and conduct, which makes tests available and are a standard for research, recruiting and practical uses for those who are active in their daily lives.

Theories of Growth and Development Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theories of Growth and Development. Answer: Nature and nurture In his article Nature, Nurture, and Human Behaviour; an Endless Debate, Zaky provides an objective and an in-depth examination of the concept of nature vs. nurture targeting parents and educationists. The author explains that human behaviour is a product of inheritance (Zaky, 2015). Equally, in the article Nature, nurture, and expertise by Plomin et al., human behaviour is acquired and learned as one grows (Plomin et al., 2014). The authors target parents and teachers, and they provide credible information that is backed up by experimental studies. Genetic inheritance In their article Principles of Inheritance: Mendels Laws and Genetic Models Laird and Lange, discusses the principles of inheritance in an in-depth manner. For instance, the article discusses the genetic model which states that the dichotomous genes contributes to deterministic genetic outcomes (Laird Lange, 2011). In Gliboffs article, The Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Origins of Genetics, he states that parents influence the genetic traits that the off springs acquire at birth. The article targets scientists who study genetics (Gliboff, 2015). It has reliable information that is based on scientific research studies. Lifespan and development theories Lenses: Applying Lifespan Development Theories in Counseling is a book authored by Kraus. The book is highly valid because the author, is an associate professor of counselling at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania. The intended audience for this book are counselling practitioners. The major themes in this book is the social constructionist view of development. It argues that an individuals development is influenced by the social surroundings (Kraus, 2008). The book Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts and Strategies is authored by Sugarman. Its target audience are parents and teachers. This book articulate its themes and arguments in a clear manner. One of the arguments of this book is that change is a continuity, therefore, individuals are different from who they were ten years ago (Sugarman, 2001,). Freudian concepts The journal article Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers by Ahmed carries out in-depth analysis of Freuds psychoanalytic theory. It targets parents and it focuses on concepts such as the love between the boy child and mother (Ahmed, 2012). In another article, Freuds Interpretation of His Own Dreams in The Interpretation of Dreams: A Continuity Hypothesis Perspective, Schredl explains that dreams are a reflection of supressed subconscious thoughts of humans (Schredl, 2008). The article targets psychologists and it is reliable because it is based on scientific research findings. Piagets stages of cognitive development The book Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence by Shaffer and Kipp discuss the stages of human development. The book has high validity because it supports its arguments with research findings. It targets parents and teachers with its themes and arguments, for example, the four stage cognitive development process (Shaffer Kipp, 2014). Van Blerkoms book College Study Skills: Becoming a Strategic Learner, targets learners in all education levels. Some of the major concepts discussed in it is cognitive development, which states that the transitions of an individuals pattern of thinking takes place in stages (Van Blerkom, 2016). Eriksons psychosocial stages Eriksons Development Crises: Applying Developmental Theory to Adult Learning is a journal article by Lineros and Fincher, hence, it has a high validity because it is a peer-reviewed article. It discusses the crises involved in growth and development including identity and confusion that occurs in teenage (Lineros Fincher, 2014). Conversely, the book Developmental Psychology by Watts, Cockcroft, and Duncan, who are professors of psychology, and therefore, this source is authoritative and has logical appeal. It targets students and instructors of psychology. The major theme is human development and it states that development is multi-dimensional (Watts, Cockcroft, Duncan, 2008). Maslows hierarchy of needs The book Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An introduction by McGuire as high validity because its content is back-up by research findings. It targets employers. Its focuses on the concept of motivation and human needs. The book explains that human needs are in stages, and when one is achieved, an individual moves to the next level of need (McGuire, 2012). Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs is a journal article by Taormina, and it targets employers. The article is highly valid because it backs its arguments with reliable academic sources. It discusses the different levels of human needs, stating that they are fulfilled in stages (Taormina, 2013). Bowlbys attachment theory A secure base: a clinical application of attachment theory is a book by Bowlby, and its target audience are clinical experts. Attachment is the major theme, and the author argues that child mother attachment is strengthened by arousal such as pain or joy (Bowlby, 1988). Effects of attachment on early and later development is a journal article by Malekpour. The article targets parents, and it has a high validity because the author is a professor and Ph. D holder in Psychology. It focuses on the concept of attachment and argues that individual identity is a result of parent-child attachment during growth (Malekpour, 2007). Bibliography Ahmed, S. 2012, Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers, Internal journal of English and literature Vol. 3, n. 3, 60-70.Bowlby, J. 1988. A secure base: a clinical application of attachment theory. Routledge, New York: NY. Gliboff, S. 2015, The Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Origins of Genetics, Filosofia e Histria da Biologia, So Paulo, v. 10, n. 1, p. 99-123. Kraus, K. L. 2008, Lenses: Applying Lifespan Development Theories in Counseling. Lahaska Press, Boston: MA. Laird, N. M. Lange, C. 2011, Principles of Inheritance: Mendels Laws and Genetic Models, The Fundamentals of Modern Statistical Genetics, Statistics for Biology and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7338-2_2, Lineros, J. V. Fincher, M. 2014, Eriksons Development Crises: Applying Developmental Theory to Adult Learning, Learning and Performance Quarterly, Vol. 2, no. 3, 35-48 Malekpour, M. 2007, Effects of attachment on early and later development. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, Vol. 53, No. 105, 81-95. McGuire, K. J. 2012. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An introduction. Grin Verlag, Berlin. Plomin, R., et al., 2014, Nature, nurture, and expertise, Intelligence, Vol. 45, 4659. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.06.008 Schredl, M. 2008, Freuds Interpretation of His Own Dreams in The Interpretation of Dreams: A Continuity Hypothesis Perspective, International journal of dream research, Vol. 1, no. 2, 44-47. Shaffer, D. R. Kipp, K. 2014. Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. (9th Ed.). Cengage Learning, Belmont: CA.Sugarman, L. 2001, Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts and Strategies. Psychology Press, New York: NY.Taormina, R. J. 2013, Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs, American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 126, no. 2,155177.Van Blerkom, D. L. 2016. College Study Skills: Becoming a Strategic Learner. Wadsworth, Boston: MA.Watts, J., Cockcroft, K., Duncan, M. (Eds.). Developmental Psychology. (2nd Ed.). UCT Press, Cape Town. Zaky, E. A. 2015, Nature, Nurture, and Human Behaviour; an Endless Debate, Child Adolesc Behav, Vol.3, no. 6, DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000e107

Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe Essay Example

Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe Essay The undeserved dilemma of modern woman is a recurrent theme of the novels of Bharati, a widely acclaimed author and winner of the National Book critics’ award. She considered her works, a celebration of her emotion that she brings out of her heart. She has depicted very minutely the condition of Asian immigrants in North America, with particular attention to the changes taking place in South Asian women in a new world. She presents all her characters a survivors against the brutalities and violence that surrounded them. A threat that runs through all the novels of Mukherjee is of religious, racial, sexual and economic class difference. Bharati expresses the â€Å"the inner expropriation of cultural identity. Pre-natal reminiscence is the fountain head of the Indian tradition. Encounter between India, England and USA ends in an inter cultural accommodation. The two integral parts of reality are fixity and change. The blending of being and becoming attracts the attention of novelists. Nativity and nationality meet face to face challenging immigrant sensibility and expatriate predicament. Monolithic cultural identity is dissolved in the process of cultural mutation. Thus this is evident in the novel against the background of Tara Lata’s recollection of childhood memory of previous birth and cross cultural pollination. A British becoming an Indian is a matter of attention while at the same time an Indian turning a snobbish British is equally an important subject matter for our concern. The philosophical import of the title, â€Å"From Being to Becoming,† is actually gleaned from the ritual incidents and personages. We will write a custom essay sample on Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heraclitus, the Greek philosopher stated that nothing remains static and so everything is in a state of change or constant transition. This phenomenon is nothing but a movement across cultures. The troublesome question is about the possibility of the life of the mind which transcends space and time. What is native becomes alien and what is alien becomes native. The issue is not so much connected with external space-time framework. But it has lot to do with our inner life. For example, Mishtigunj and Mist Mahal are the creations of John Mist. These places had become the home of ecumenical accommodation. It has turned in to a place which supports Christian unity. The Shoonder Bon village worshipped John Mist as an avatar. Helping the poor, feeding the hungry ones, elevating the life of the depressed, creating schools, building houses, hospitals, supplying the money, the necessary wherewithal, and shaping the body and soul of Shoonder Bon Home are the admirable heroic activities. All his heroic activities had endowed John Mist with the status of divine incarnation. By temperament he was Vedantic and by outlook he was Vedic. Experiences are always universal and they tend to move on in a parallel line. A man born in England getting fully rooted and absorbed in the life of Shoonder Bon village in East can be described as a phenomenon continent. Though the inhabitation is in a specific culture modern like cross-cultural pollination and acculturation are not sufficient to psychoanalyze the life of a soul. The Tree Bride is a powerful depiction of pre-independence India bringing two continents into contact with each other. East and West are traditionally conceived as terms of contrast, but this novel differs from this time-honored way of treating East and West. Shattering and solidifying of cultural boundaries are the two sub-conscious streams pervading the novel. John Mist serves as an example for the first category while Virgil Treadwell is shown as an instance for second category as he happens to be an East India Company official and a commissioner with an Anglophile and Edwardian bent of mind looking to formal, external decorum and spectability as norms of good behavior. But the novelist is preoccupied with mysticism and transformation of consciousness. Therefore anectodes, precedents and succeedents are only matter of chronology, history and geography. Human beings are irrespective of time, place and age. Anti-British and pro-British elements are attitudes which are incidental and largely history. The novelist does not spare her satirical pen where the British rule in India is concerned. Brahmo Samaj, a revival Indian Renaissance Movement, comes under severe scrutiny in the novelist’s hands. It can be clearly seen that the artist shows her inward respect over Jaikrishna Gangooly, the great grandfather of Tara, and his daughter, the Tree Bride. They also respected the Gangooly family for it is more attached to Arya Samaj which came as a corrective to Brahmo Samaj. The first movement endorses the philosophy of liberal, scientific Westernization while the second accepts the same phenomenon with a great deal of reservation. The business of Bharati Mukherjee is to be true to the facts of life. She acknowledges the fact that the British lifted India from the deep slumber of decadence. At the same time the novelist mounts a frontal attack on the British strategy of perpetrating the foreign rule through religious divisions. â€Å"It is easy for an English-educated, middle-class Indian (or Pakistani or Bangladesh) to fall in line with colonial prejudice. Thirty thousand British bureaucrats and â€Å"factors† were able to rule ten thousand times more Indians by dividing Muslims from Hindus, Persian Zoroastrians from Muslims, Sikhs from Hindus, and nearly everyone, including Hindus, from castes like lazy Brahmins and money-grubbing banias†. 44) It shows that the need of the British empire could be better fulfilled by the Indians than by the English men. Macaulay’s limited psychoanalysis of the situation was right as far as his administrative framework was involved. But he failed to see the spontaneous mystical influence of each culture over the other. The novel contains two layers of unfolding its theme. One layer is obviously concerned with the co nsequences resulting from the setting up of the East India Company. To a historian, the other layer remains obscure and somewhat non-logical. But the novelist takes immense care to distribute the emphasis in an equable manner for the purpose of achieving cultural comprehensiveness in the historical-cum-artist portrayal of personages. Macaulay saw culture and civilization in the mass as a consolidated unified framework. That is after all a nineteenth-century Benthamite utilitarian rationale. It is the justification or rationalization of relating to the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham. A mass tendency validates an individual wishing after some cultural fallback. Man in the mass is metaphorically dead. Only the individual who does not align himself with the mass tendency is alive. Every culture is in a state of being and becoming and what is far more important is that one emerges into the other. There is always an interplay between the two. The reason is that every society is subject to mutation and change. No culture has come to stay like a consolidated stone. History events and the march of time leave no society and culture untouched. The richness of any antiquity is never lost in the exposure of any historical, social and cultural metamorphosis. The novel brings out this idea of absorption and assimilation: In my mind, the history of the British in India is a story of adventure gone bad, where the thrill of new encounters, the lure of transformation†¦started drying up†¦Maybe there is a limit to the human capacity for wonder or the ability to absorb the truly alien without trying to reduce its dimensions and tame its excess. (48) It is clear that the stand of outside time is true and enduring . Simultaneously some other mysterious element enters time to put life through a process of transmutation. Frequently at such moments cultural upheavals occur. One such movement is the encounter between England and India in the wake of the setting up of the East India Company as the nucleus and the wing of the British Empire. The powerful depiction of the scenes and a comprehensive portrayal of significant characters enables us to come to terms with the psycho-social implications of what they stand for and where the repercussions lead to. A head-on collision between the sociology of the society and the psychology of the individuals is perceptible. Demonstrably Eliot’s theory of past influencing the present and the present equally modifying the past is at work in the novel. A discussion taking place in San Francisco among Tara and Bish,Yash Khanna and Victoria Khanna is related to a memorable historical event in Shoonder Bon village (in East Bengal). The information so secured about this past is more by coincidence. The restlessnes of Tara’s spirit and the probability involved in her rumbling upon some material link the present with the past. It is the matter of sheer chance. Nevertheless it has value. Victoria Khanna’s grandfather was Virgil Treadwell. As he was in Indian Civil Service, he was posted as a district commissioner in Bengal in 1930. The Six containing old ledgers of grandfather is a historical record about him. Victoria Khanna informs Tara about these materials. An impetus from the research into the past history Tara Lat Gangooly is the outcome of Tara’s inner prompting of her reminiscent prevision of a remote historical record of Mishtigunj which presents a parallel equivalent to an idealist view of a world of unalloyed joy and bliss. The random availability of record by sheer coincidence or accident from the hand of Victoria Khanna leads to the fulfillment of such a goal of study and investigation. Mist Nama is a powerful poetic depiction of a rich rewriting of the ancient Indian Vedic history by a British-turned Hindoo, John Mist. The question, â€Å"Who contributes† is as much important as the question â€Å"What is contributed. † John Mist is the creator of an ideal social order. Mist-Nama is a practical rendering of a life-vision. A British Hindu stood for the Hindu-Moslem unity. His governing philosophy in the language of the novelist was the harmonious combination of the ‘two’ of everything and it meant occupation and employment for both Hindus and Moslems in an equitable proportion. He conducted hectic commerce and business enterprises and whatever he earned, he shared with all. A profit-making East India Company British ship dropped a legacy making sailor-turned savior, John Mist. There were many Indians who became pseudo-British by their outward forms of Westernization like Virgil Treadwell. At the same time there were many British like John Mist, David Llewellyn and Coughlin Nigel who became true Indian Hindoos by their inner transformation of being. Imitation must contain an element of creative transformation; otherwise it can turn into mere form and decorum ending in an emptiness of being. The context for the discussion of the relationship between ‘being’ and ‘becoming’ is demonstrably evident here. The truth to be established is that’ being’ and’ becoming’ are not the usual dichotomies but they are two indivisible sides of the same coin. Tara and John Mist appear as immigrants. Immigrancy is equated with loss of something and a search for true â€Å"something. † Tradition and convention describe nativity as something which is independent upon space, time, history and geography. This is a monolithic vision of culture and nativity. Nativity is therefore defined as a belonging to a culture and sharing oneness with it. But Bharati Mukherjee establishes another view that nativity is independent of all factors and it is more connected with inner being and less with spontaneous factors. A search for realization of inner being is conserved by the novelist as nativity. The idea of birthplace being conserved as nativity is different from the idea of describing nativity as sharing oneness with the inner being which is independent of spacing the framework. The drama is that being turns into becoming and being from becoming turns into being. The novelist holds two views which are not contradictory as each other. John Mist says: â€Å"having come nowhere, he had everywhere to go. Having had nothing, he has had everything and anything at his disposal. † (27) Elsewhere the novelist says that where one inherits nothing, he is entitled to everything. Freedom of immigrancy and liberty of any form of absorption put the being and the becoming in a process of creative interplay. Mukherjee acknowledges the fact that life is an unpredictable mystery:â€Å"We have been trained to think of Mishtigunj as home in ways that our adopted homes, Calcutta and California, must never be. Ancestors come and to, but one’s native village, one’s desh, is immutable. (29)† Tara realizes her native home as Mishtigunj in a state of immigrancy. But the home of John Mist is the same Indian village. Tara and John Mist realized their nativity in different ways where ‘being’ and’ becoming’ move and merge into each other. John Mist is the creator of Indian Mishtigunj and he is a British who discovers his sweet home in this village. Tara, an Indian immigrant in San Francisco, discovers home in the British created legendary village, Who is an immigrant? Who is a native? These questions get simultaneously juxtaposed. Home if therefore or it needs to be defined where one’s being is. In comparison with Tara and John Mist, Virgil Treadwell is less a better human being in spite of his being absorbed in the new phenomenon called Eurasianism. He could plot along with the British and spy on Tara Lata Gangooly’s house. These facts have deprived him of his inner being. His Eurasianism corrupted his nobility, introducing falsity. He sold his soul and made his profit whereas John Mist gave away his profit to people and he discovered his soul in his sacrifice. Bharati Mukherjee says that when the British like Virgil Treadwell spoke of profit John Mist thought in terms of leaving legacy. Therefore the concept of total objectivity of culture dies-down in the birth of polyvalent cultural subjectivity. Tara, Virgil Treadwell and John Mist are varying examples of the new proposition. With John Mist loss of objectivity (British culture) ends in discovery of subjectivity. Here the words’ loss’ and ‘gain’ and ‘objectivity’ and ‘subjectivity’ and’ being’ and ‘becoming’ are more connected with subconscious realization of one’s inner being. In the case of Virgil Treadwell, British gain meant Indian loss whereas conversely in the case of John Mist’s British loss meant Indian gain. The novelist uses very sensational generalizations to illustrate this truth:â€Å"All the could-have-beens and should-have-beens of history, the best of the East meeting the best of the West, etc. , etc. , shrink from grandeur to petty profit-taking. (48) The question ‘Who conquered whom’ melts into insignificance: â€Å"history is written by victors, but in the case of India, it’s not always clear who won, is it? 90) It is that both the victor (West) and the vanquished (East) mutually enriched the sensibility of the two cultures. It is a strange divine coincidence that John Mist’s creation of the â€Å"Mist-Nama† and â€Å"Mishtigunj† is along a line which the ancient tradition of India endorses. The discovery of such a wonderful treasure is made possible by the research work of an Indian immig rant in America, Tara. Both John Mist and Tara are in a way immigrants. The philosophical axiom is that cultures are not fixed entities like â€Å"quantity. Naturally ‘being’ and’ becoming’ are not static. The mutations have repercussions. Though the word ‘being’ created a misleading picture of fixity and permanence, it has the character of fabric. The British conquest of India forms the context of the new in which these issues are raised indirectly. The history of Mishtigunj created by British Hindu John Mist puts obstacles in the way of glibly accepting the two categories ‘being’ and ‘becoming’. What determines history is not its concern with outward form but the ‘inner implications’ is which it unconsciously creates. It is this history which has created a martyr, John Mist. Tara Lata Gangooly represents the best of the East and her predecessor John Mist represents both the best of the East and the best of the West. Characters like Virgil Treadwell are more concerned with the British form and decorum than with the essence of life. Both John Mist and Tara Lata Gangooly live at a deeper level while men like Virgil Treadwell move on a superficial plane. There are many places where Virgil Treadwell is compared to Churchill and Nixon and he is satirized subtly. Both John Mist and Tara Lata died a martyr’s death. The former was hanged in 1880 on a charge of disobedience of the British Colonial venture and the latter died in a prison in 1943 on the same charges of treason, sedition and disobedience. These events and situations by themselves are utterly insignificant. But the effect and impact they leave have a lasting value. It is this fact which enable the readers arrives at a philosophical link between being and becoming both is that the reality of life permits a movement between being and becoming. Liking John Mist, Tara Lata, Virgil and their life styles lead the leader draw an intelligent interference events and circumstances keeps them in a state of transition and transformation. It is a great achievement on the part of the novelist to aim at an imaginative-historical reconstruction of Mishtigunj. Bharathi Mukherjee is not a thoughless immigrant. Her loyalty to the essence of life gives her a new responsibility to rephrase the issue of the contact and correlation between being and becoming.

The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice The WritePass Journal

The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice Abstract The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice [online]), which provides a way to structure and implement change. I will also   use a tool widely used in business called ‘SWOT’ analysis, which helps in change planning by formalising the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a given situation, and which is also useful for healthcare (Marquis and Huston 2009).   Gibbs (1988) model of reflective practice will also be influential.   The essay will be structured according to this 6 stage cycle, from description of event through evaluation and analysis to action and further reflection. While there are several different models of using reflectivity in practice including Bortons’ (1970), Kolb’s (1984) and Johns’ (1995), I use Gibbs model as it seems to best express the dynamic process of learning and change for me.  Ã‚   These tools will be used to demonstrate the things I feel are inadequate with the present situation whereby a limited number of healthcare professionals attend war d reviews, and suggest a change whereby key workers also attend, offering a deeper perspective on patient needs. The nomination form, which assesses my placement, is included in the Appendix. 2. The Situation: Description The situation in question occurred when I was on placement.   The hospital at which I was working, like others, carried out regular ward reviews. In these, the patient was discussed. A number of key staff involved in patient care were involved, and the aim was to review the patients care, treatment and prognosis. At the hospital where I carried out my placement, the members of staff who were involved were the consultant, the occupational therapist and the review nurse, sometimes also a student attended.   The patient did not attend this meeting. I attended a number of these reviews. In general, all members of the team who attended were respected and respectful, and took care to listen to what each person had to say.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One person led the meeting, making sure all were included and also ensuring that discussion did not go on for too long. Realistic goals and a date for the next meeting were set at the end, and the items discussed were formalised in writing. 3. The Situation: My Feelings I had two sets of feelings. On the one hand, I felt pleased   that everyone who attended the meetings seemed to have the best interests of the patient at heart. Where there were disputes it was regarding what would work best for the patient. Also, I was pleased with how professionally staff members conducted themselves, I seldom witnessed rudeness or ‘shortness’ when one person spoke to another. People took turns and really seemed to listen. In part, I felt, this was due to the way the meetings were led, which was very sensitive. However, on the other hand, I felt quite annoyed and disappointed that not all staff who were involved in patient care were included in the meetings.   I felt that a whole side of the patient’s experience was being missed out.   The staff who attended seemed to understand the patient’s condition only generally, from their records and discussing the situation, not through contact with the patient daily. The holistic side of pa tient care, understanding what the patient was feeling, seemed to have been missed out. 4. Evaluation In terms of the ‘SWOT’ framework, widely used in business but also useful for understanding healthcare (Williamson et al 1996), I evaluated the experience as follows. As Gibb’s evaluation stage is concerned mainly with what is good and bad about the experience, I have omitted the ‘opportunities’ and ‘threats’ from this analysis, as they will be covered later. Strengths Good communication between team members Respectful awareness of other points of view Developed clear goals and actions to follow Weaknesses Patient seems to lack a ‘voice’ Those involved in caring regularly from patient are not included in the review Those who know the patient well are not included in the review Lack of holistic and person-centred care 5. Analysis The following sections looked at what happened, how I experienced it and what sense I made of it within my own parameters. In order to make wider sense of the situation, I need to draw upon notions of interprofessional teamwork, user perspectives and team dynamics, all concepts central to the current health service.   Interprofessional teamwork, also known as multidisciplinary teamwork (MDT), has been part of healthcare policy in the UK since 1997 (Davis 2007). As an approach, it means professionals from a range of disciplines involved in patient care meeting to discuss and agree on care plans for patients (Hostad 2010).   There are a number of benefits, for example multidisciplinary teamwork seems to meet user needs better, and to deliver better outcomes.   However, there are also some drawbacks including the time needed for teams to work effectively, and difficulties with perceived status differences (Housley 2003).  Ã‚   For effective MDT, the ways in which team dynamics w ork has to be understood. There are many attempts to understand how people work together, both generally and in the healthcare context, for example Bale’s (1950) model.   Maslow’s model is also influential in healthcare. He suggested that all human’s need to be respected by others in order to feel valued, and have a need to feel part of a group, and want to have their social and emotional needs met within the work context (Borkowski 2009). The notion of incorporating user perspectives is also very influential in the NHS currently, as ‘patient-centred healthcare’.   This was introduced in the late 90s, and involves patients being involved as much as possible in decisions which are made about their care.   The relationship between healthcare professional and patient is no longer one in which the professional is at the top of a hospital hierarchy, but one of partnership in which mutual respect and communication exist (Chambers et al 2003) Overall, I feel that both MDT and patient-centred healthcare could be improved here through including the key workers, or support workers of the named patient. The key worker acts as a co-ordinator on behalf of the patient, keeping the patient informed of what is going on and co-ordinating care and ensuring continuity of treatment (NICE 2004). Support workers or healthcare assistants act in a supporting role to other professionals, and are very ‘hands-on’ in well-being and looking after the patient.  Ã‚   Both these professionals have much closer contact with the patient and as such have important insights into the patient’s situation. Multidisciplinary   teamwork emphasises including all viewpoints relevant to the situation, and I feel that these workers would add valuable insights to enhance the teamwork.   In addition, how can patient care be really holistic and patient-centred if the meetings do not include those people who get to know patients as indivi duals, understanding their feelings, hopes and fears?   Including support and key workers would allow those people who are not involved in daily care to really understand how the patient is feeling.  Ã‚   In addition, if support and key workers were present at the meeting, it would be much easier and quicker to feedback to the patient what is going on with their care. As it stands, patients hear second hand. 6. Conclusion Gibbs suggests reflecting upon what else I could have done here. Given that I was on placement, I feel that the opportunities for changing the situation are practically limited. At the time, I felt it was not appropriate for me to speak up and question the accepted meeting structure. Later, however, I did question whether I should have mentioned this to my supervisor on the ward.   I felt that the emphasis on MDT meant that I would be heard sympathetically, even though I had very little experience. If I was able, I would change the meeting structure to ensure that either a support worker or a key worker was included as a matter of principle. I feel that the existing meeting structure is very good, and that if it was part of protocol that staff closely involved in the patient’s care were included, they would be welcomed into the meetings, their opinions heard and the patient’s viewpoint better understood.   This would, I feel, ensure that the care delivered to the patient was more truly patient-centred and holistic, as it would take into account not only quantitative data about their condition but also their feelings and emotions. In addition, I feel wider meetings would be more reflective of multi-dimensional teamworking, as they currently don’t include all staff perspectives. It also seems that including key and support workers is more ethical.   All hospitals have detailed code of conducts which set out the ways in which they expect their staff to behave, and the care of the patient is generally the first priority in these. Working as a team is also one of the central tenets of most ethical codes in UK hospitals (Melia 2004). 7. Action Plan Here I draw upon the PDSA model to suggest a way to structure the change: Plan Discuss and agree new format for meetings (including key worker or support worker) Inform key / support worker and other staff of new meeting format Do Carry out a series of 4 pilot meetings over agreed time period Agree and implement mechanisms for review of new meeting format (gather data from key/support workers, staff already included, and patients) Study Analyse data collected, assess changes against clearly defined criteria (for example, do patients feel more informed, happier; did key/support workers feel included; did other staff value new structure) What worked well? What worked less well? Act Plan new meetings on basis of what was learnt during study phase. If including key/support workers beneficial, change meeting structure so that they are now part of meetings. Ensure that repercussions of this are understood, for example allowing them extra time for preparing for meetings. References Borton, T (1970) Reach, Teach and Touch,   Mc Graw Hill, London. Gibbs, G (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods,   Further Educational Unit, Oxford Polytechnic, Oxford. Johns C (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carper’s fundamental ways of knowing in nursing Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22, 226-234 Kolb, D A (1984) Experiential Learning experience as a source of learning and development, Prentice Hall, New Jersey Marquis, B L and Huston, C J (2009) Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: theory and application (6th edn), Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Melia, K M (2004) Health care ethics: lessons from intensive care, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (2012) ‘Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA)’, [online] (cited 14th February 2012), available from institute.nhs.uk/quality_and_service_improvement_tools/quality_and_service_improvement_tools/plan_do_study_act.html NICE (2004) ‘Improving Outcomes Guidance for Supportive and Palliative Care’, National Institute of Clinical Excellence 2004, London. Williamson, S, Stevens, R E, Loudon, D L (1996) Fundamentals of strategic planning for healthcare organizations, Routledge, UK Appendix CLIENT – INCLUDE NOMINATION FORM HERE Assignment In writing the 1500 word reflective commentary focussed on service improvement you should consider/address the following: The context and setting for your placement. Your reflective commentary should focus either on a service improvement initiative that you have identified with your mentor, or on a service improvement that has previously been implemented in your practice area. You should examine this initiative in terms of the inter-professional team and identify actual or potential ways that inter-professional working can facilitate its implementation. You should also discuss potential barriers to implementation. You MUST include the Service Improvement Activity notification form with your assignment including a discussion of future plans in terms of the service improvement initiative. An evidence based model of reflection or reflective writing should be used. You should offer a rationale to support what you have used (fixed resource sessions on the use and application of reflective models and writing are included in the delivery of this module). You should also demonstrate the use of the PDSA cycle in terms of service improvement. For assessment purposes you are not expected to move beyond the planning stage of the PDSA cycle. As this assignment is a reflective commentary your reflection must be supported and referenced by using appropriate sources (as per learning outcomes). You may wish to use a structured reflective model e.g. Gibbs’, Rolfe et al or John’s; or you may wish to write in a reflective style, encompassing reflection on action e.g. Schon or Borton. This is your choice but either way you must show evidence you have done this. A reflective commentary requires that you use subheadings. The structure of this piece of work can be informed by using either learning outcomes or the stages of a reflective model to do so. If you say you are going to use a model of reflection, then you must demonstrate clearly that you have done so. Which ever process you use must be briefly explained and rationalised within your introduction. Ensure that you have supported your assignment with appropriate, contemporary and relevant sources, including published literature, professional standards key texts and policy. You need to apply theory to practice and use paraphrasing to demonstrate understanding of the sources you have used. Make sure you address the relevant learning outcomes for this piece of work (l,2,5) in this commentary: Learning outcome one requires you to analyse the unique role of the nurse within the inter-professional team and also to apply this to your experience in your placement area. For example, do nurses in your placement area require any additional skills or knowledge to work with the client/patient group? Learning outcome two requires you to evaluate the contribution of all members of the inter-professional team in providing holistic care to clients/patients. For example, which guidelines and policies inform holistic care in your placement area and how did this impact on practice in your area? How did the team work together? What qualities did you note in the team and how did this impact on care delivery? Learning outcome five asks you to reflect on learning and transfer newly gained knowledge. For example, what did you learn and how will what you learned in your placement help to prepare you to be a registered nurse?

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

History - Essay Example f the philosophies of Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Locke, major proponents of the Age of Enlightenment and Plato and Cicero, the champions of Greek and Roman classical antiquity. Bolivar was a staunch critic of monarchies and so were Rousseau and Locke. Rousseau in his famous work, The Social Contract, defended the argument for civil liberty and the popular will against divine right which facilitated the French Revolution. John Locke as well attacked the theory of the divine right of kings and claimed that sovereignty did not reside within the state but with the people. Both also asserted that the right to freedom of people stemmed from the natural law, to which Bolivar himself was a precursor of liberation in his beloved countries. Liberal democracy to Bolivar was insufficient and so he relies on Plato and Cicero as well. Plato’s major work, The Republic, is concerned with the theme of justice and the use of Greek virtues such as temperance and courage to achieve the ideal state. Cicero, the great Roman orator, further advanced this idea by composing works which tackle the natural obligation of men to serve others and dedicate themselves to public service and ascribes to the value of the laws that are followed by its citizens. One could say that Bolivar was a centrist due to the balance of the rights and duties of the state to its citizens and its citizens to the state. And in this idea of solidarity and subsidiarity is where Bolivar’s true value