Theories of Growth and Development Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theories of Growth and Development. Answer: Nature and nurture In his article Nature, Nurture, and Human Behaviour; an Endless Debate, Zaky provides an objective and an in-depth examination of the concept of nature vs. nurture targeting parents and educationists. The author explains that human behaviour is a product of inheritance (Zaky, 2015). Equally, in the article Nature, nurture, and expertise by Plomin et al., human behaviour is acquired and learned as one grows (Plomin et al., 2014). The authors target parents and teachers, and they provide credible information that is backed up by experimental studies. Genetic inheritance In their article Principles of Inheritance: Mendels Laws and Genetic Models Laird and Lange, discusses the principles of inheritance in an in-depth manner. For instance, the article discusses the genetic model which states that the dichotomous genes contributes to deterministic genetic outcomes (Laird Lange, 2011). In Gliboffs article, The Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Origins of Genetics, he states that parents influence the genetic traits that the off springs acquire at birth. The article targets scientists who study genetics (Gliboff, 2015). It has reliable information that is based on scientific research studies. Lifespan and development theories Lenses: Applying Lifespan Development Theories in Counseling is a book authored by Kraus. The book is highly valid because the author, is an associate professor of counselling at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania. The intended audience for this book are counselling practitioners. The major themes in this book is the social constructionist view of development. It argues that an individuals development is influenced by the social surroundings (Kraus, 2008). The book Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts and Strategies is authored by Sugarman. Its target audience are parents and teachers. This book articulate its themes and arguments in a clear manner. One of the arguments of this book is that change is a continuity, therefore, individuals are different from who they were ten years ago (Sugarman, 2001,). Freudian concepts The journal article Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers by Ahmed carries out in-depth analysis of Freuds psychoanalytic theory. It targets parents and it focuses on concepts such as the love between the boy child and mother (Ahmed, 2012). In another article, Freuds Interpretation of His Own Dreams in The Interpretation of Dreams: A Continuity Hypothesis Perspective, Schredl explains that dreams are a reflection of supressed subconscious thoughts of humans (Schredl, 2008). The article targets psychologists and it is reliable because it is based on scientific research findings. Piagets stages of cognitive development The book Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence by Shaffer and Kipp discuss the stages of human development. The book has high validity because it supports its arguments with research findings. It targets parents and teachers with its themes and arguments, for example, the four stage cognitive development process (Shaffer Kipp, 2014). Van Blerkoms book College Study Skills: Becoming a Strategic Learner, targets learners in all education levels. Some of the major concepts discussed in it is cognitive development, which states that the transitions of an individuals pattern of thinking takes place in stages (Van Blerkom, 2016). Eriksons psychosocial stages Eriksons Development Crises: Applying Developmental Theory to Adult Learning is a journal article by Lineros and Fincher, hence, it has a high validity because it is a peer-reviewed article. It discusses the crises involved in growth and development including identity and confusion that occurs in teenage (Lineros Fincher, 2014). Conversely, the book Developmental Psychology by Watts, Cockcroft, and Duncan, who are professors of psychology, and therefore, this source is authoritative and has logical appeal. It targets students and instructors of psychology. The major theme is human development and it states that development is multi-dimensional (Watts, Cockcroft, Duncan, 2008). Maslows hierarchy of needs The book Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An introduction by McGuire as high validity because its content is back-up by research findings. It targets employers. Its focuses on the concept of motivation and human needs. The book explains that human needs are in stages, and when one is achieved, an individual moves to the next level of need (McGuire, 2012). Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs is a journal article by Taormina, and it targets employers. The article is highly valid because it backs its arguments with reliable academic sources. It discusses the different levels of human needs, stating that they are fulfilled in stages (Taormina, 2013). Bowlbys attachment theory A secure base: a clinical application of attachment theory is a book by Bowlby, and its target audience are clinical experts. Attachment is the major theme, and the author argues that child mother attachment is strengthened by arousal such as pain or joy (Bowlby, 1988). Effects of attachment on early and later development is a journal article by Malekpour. The article targets parents, and it has a high validity because the author is a professor and Ph. D holder in Psychology. It focuses on the concept of attachment and argues that individual identity is a result of parent-child attachment during growth (Malekpour, 2007). Bibliography Ahmed, S. 2012, Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers, Internal journal of English and literature Vol. 3, n. 3, 60-70.Bowlby, J. 1988. A secure base: a clinical application of attachment theory. Routledge, New York: NY. Gliboff, S. 2015, The Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Origins of Genetics, Filosofia e Histria da Biologia, So Paulo, v. 10, n. 1, p. 99-123. Kraus, K. L. 2008, Lenses: Applying Lifespan Development Theories in Counseling. Lahaska Press, Boston: MA. Laird, N. M. Lange, C. 2011, Principles of Inheritance: Mendels Laws and Genetic Models, The Fundamentals of Modern Statistical Genetics, Statistics for Biology and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7338-2_2, Lineros, J. V. Fincher, M. 2014, Eriksons Development Crises: Applying Developmental Theory to Adult Learning, Learning and Performance Quarterly, Vol. 2, no. 3, 35-48 Malekpour, M. 2007, Effects of attachment on early and later development. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, Vol. 53, No. 105, 81-95. McGuire, K. J. 2012. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An introduction. Grin Verlag, Berlin. Plomin, R., et al., 2014, Nature, nurture, and expertise, Intelligence, Vol. 45, 4659. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.06.008 Schredl, M. 2008, Freuds Interpretation of His Own Dreams in The Interpretation of Dreams: A Continuity Hypothesis Perspective, International journal of dream research, Vol. 1, no. 2, 44-47. Shaffer, D. R. Kipp, K. 2014. Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. (9th Ed.). Cengage Learning, Belmont: CA.Sugarman, L. 2001, Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts and Strategies. Psychology Press, New York: NY.Taormina, R. J. 2013, Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs, American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 126, no. 2,155177.Van Blerkom, D. L. 2016. College Study Skills: Becoming a Strategic Learner. Wadsworth, Boston: MA.Watts, J., Cockcroft, K., Duncan, M. (Eds.). Developmental Psychology. (2nd Ed.). UCT Press, Cape Town. Zaky, E. A. 2015, Nature, Nurture, and Human Behaviour; an Endless Debate, Child Adolesc Behav, Vol.3, no. 6, DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000e107